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TermDefinition
Crosstalk Electromagnetic noise transmitted between leads or circuits in close proximity to each other.
Crystal structure For crystalline materials, the manner in which atoms or ions are arrayed in space. It is defined in terms of the unit cell geometry and the atom positions within the unit cell.
Curie temperature (also Curie point) (Tc) The temperature above which a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material becomes paramagnetic. For iron the Curie point is 760oC and for nickel 356oC.
Current [A] Measure of rate of flow of electric charge: a one-ampere current is a flow of 1 C of charge per second.
Cutoff Condition in a diode or bipolar junction transistor in which the potential across a p-n junction prevents current flow.
Cyclotron A type of particle accelerator in which an ion introduced at the center is accelerated in an expanding spiral path by use of alternating electrical fields in the presence of a magnetic field.
Debye Shielding The Debye length in front of a sensing electrode depends on the ionic strength of the electrolyte used. In a 0.001N NaCl the Debye length measures 96.5 Å, while for a 1.0 N solution it is reduced to 3.0 Å. An adsorbed protein can stick out from the surface for as much as 50 to 100 Å. As a result, the charges which could contribute to the surface potential will be shielded in a 1.0 N solution. To make more sensitive measurements a solution of low ionic strength should be used.
Degradation A term used to describe the deteriorative processes that occur with polymeric materials, including swelling, dissolution, and chain scission.
Denaturation The breaking down of the three-dimensional structure of a protein resulting in the loss of its function.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) A huge nucleotide polymer having a double helical structure with complementary bases on two strands. Its major functions are protein synthesis and the storage and transport of genetic information.
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